History of World Science

Comparison Table of Catholic Scientists and Modern Protestant Scientists

From the perspective of church history, the development of modern science was not born solely from Catholicism or Protestantism, but was shaped within the long-standing background of Christian civilization.

Chronicle of Modern Scientific Development (1500–2000)

Period	Catholic scientist	Main contributions	Protestant scientist	Main contributions
1500–1600	Nicolaus Copernicus	The Sun-centric one says:	Tycho Brahe	Precise Astronomical Observation
1500–1600	Christopher Clavius	Gregorian calendar	Johannes Kepler	The Three Laws of Planetary Motion
1600–1700	Galileo Galilei	experimental physics	Isaac Newton	Gravity and calculus
1600–1700	Blaise Pascal	Probability theory fluid dynamics	Robert Boyle	Father of Modern Chemistry
1600–1700	Nicolas Steno	Stratigraphy	Edmond Halley	Halley’s Comet
1700–1800	Roger Joseph Boscovich	Pioneer of atomic theory	Leonhard Euler	Modern Mathematics
1700–1800	Lazzaro Spallanzani	Antispontaneous Generation Theory	Carl Linnaeus	biological taxonomy
1800–1900	Gregor Mendel	Genetics	Michael Faraday	electromagnetics
1800–1900	Angelo Secchi	Astrophysics	James Clerk Maxwell	electromagnetic field theory
1800–1900	André-Marie Ampère	electromagnetics	Lord Kelvin	thermodynamics
1900–2000	Georges Lemaître	Theory of Cosmic Expansion	Arthur Eddington	Stellar Structure
1900–2000	Victor Hess	cosmic ray	Ernest Rutherford	atomic structure
1900–2000	Jerome Lejeune	Chromosomal medicine	Francis Collins	human genome